Different environmental risk factors have also been found. Although much is known about the mechanisms involved in the disease process, the cause remains unknown. ![]() The name multiple sclerosis refers to scars (scleroses-better known as plaques or lesions) particularly in the white matter of the brain and spinal cord, which is mainly composed of myelin. When myelin is lost, the axons can no longer effectively conduct signals. In MS, the body’s own immune system attacks and damages the myelin. Nerve cells communicate by sending electrical signals called action potentials down long fibers called axons, which are contained within an insulating substance called myelin. MS affects the ability of nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord to communicate with each other effectively. MS was first described in 1868 by Jean-Martin Charcot. It has a prevalence that ranges between 2 and 150 per 100,000. Disease onset usually occurs in young adults, and it is more common in women. ![]() Multiple sclerosis (abbreviated MS, known as disseminated sclerosis or encephalomyelitis disseminata) is an inflammatory disease in which the fatty myelin sheaths around the axons of the brain and spinal cord are damaged, leading to demyelination and scarring as well as a broad spectrum of signs and symptoms. The CD68 colored tissue shows several macrophages in the area of the lesion.
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